Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to gradual decline in memory, thinking ability, and behaviour. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for around 60–70% of all dementia cases worldwide.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Donanemab Therapy
India recently saw the launch of donanemab, a new therapy for Alzheimer’s disease, marking an important step in neurodegenerative disease management.
About Alzheimer’s Disease
Definition
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder and the most common cause of dementia, accounting for around 60–70% of dementia cases.
What is Dementia?
Dementia refers to a group of conditions involving:
Memory loss
Impaired thinking
Behavioral changes
that significantly affect daily functioning.
“Dementia is not a single disease but a syndrome with multiple causes.”
Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is linked to multiple interacting factors:
1. Genetic Factors
Family history increases risk
Certain gene mutations influence onset
2. Ageing
Risk increases significantly after 65 years
3. Lifestyle Factors
Poor diet
Lack of physical activity
Smoking
Cardiovascular diseases
4. Neurological Changes
Accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain
Neuronal damage and brain shrinkage
Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease
Early Stage
Memory loss
Difficulty in planning
Confusion about time or place
Advanced Stage
Severe memory impairment
Loss of communication ability
Dependence on caregivers
Donanemab Therapy
About the Drug
Donanemab is a monoclonal antibody therapy used for Alzheimer’s disease.
Mechanism of Action
Donanemab works by:
Targeting amyloid-beta plaques in the brain
Helping remove toxic protein buildup
Slowing cognitive decline in early-stage patients
Therapeutic Category
Immunotherapy-based treatment
Disease-modifying drug (not just symptomatic relief)
“Donanemab represents a shift from symptom management to disease modification in Alzheimer’s treatment.”
Significance of Donanemab
1. First-of-its-kind Therapy in India
Introduces advanced Alzheimer’s treatment options
2. Slows Disease Progression
Helps delay cognitive decline in early stages
3. Advances Neurological Research
Encourages innovation in brain disorder therapies
4. Improves Quality of Life
Extends independent living period for patients
Challenges in Alzheimer’s Disease Management
1. Late Diagnosis
Symptoms often detected at advanced stages
2. Lack of Cure
No permanent cure currently available
3. High Treatment Cost
Advanced therapies are expensive
4. Caregiver Burden
Emotional and financial stress on families
5. Limited Awareness
Social stigma and lack of early screening
Way Forward
1. Early Screening Programs
Promote cognitive health check-ups
2. Research and Innovation
Focus on neurodegenerative disease research
3. Strengthening Healthcare Systems
Geriatric care infrastructure development
4. Public Awareness
Reduce stigma around dementia
5. Lifestyle Interventions
Healthy diet and physical activity
Cardiovascular health management
Conclusion
Alzheimer’s disease is a major global health challenge due to its progressive and irreversible nature. The introduction of therapies like Donanemab represents a significant advancement in treatment, shifting the focus from symptom management to slowing disease progression. However, comprehensive care, early diagnosis, and sustained research efforts remain essential to address the growing burden of dementia worldwide.